O programa “A noite temática” emitiu recentemente dous interesantes documentais relacionados coas centrais nucleares:
O pesadelo dos residuos nucleares
O documental presenta os resultados dunha investigación sobre a xestión de residuos nucleares en EE.UU., Rusia, Alemaña e Francia, e saca á luz o segredo e descontrol que rodea o tratamento destes residuos. (1h 33 min)
Un dos retos tecnolóxicos máis importantes do futuro é conseguir satisfacer as nosas crecentes necesidades enerxéticas sen danar ao medio ambiente.
Estivemos falando na clase en 1º de Bacharelato de múltiples sistemas, entre eles do reactor nuclear de fusión Tokamak, aínda en experimentación. (Proxecto ITER).
O que non sabía é que se podía reproducir facilmente no laboratorio a reacción nuclear de fusión. Vino no programa “El Hormiguero” (Non llo deixaron facer a Flipi :-). Aquí está o vídeo:
Consiste nunha esfera á que se lle realiza o baleiro. No interior da cámara hai unha reixa metálica conectada a un potencial de uns 40.000 voltios, e o exterior, tamén metálico, atópase conectado á terra.
Se no interior da cámara introducimos átomos de hidróxeno, polo efecto da voltaxe ionízanse: os electróns (negativos) irán cara ó exterior e os protóns (positivos) quedarán no interior da reixa. Estamos producindo un plasma que acumulou moitísima enerxía debido a gran diferencia de potencial entre os electrodos, de xeito que os protóns están chocando entre si. Sen embargo non se fusionan, debido a gran repulsión electrostática existente entre eles.
Se no canto de átomos de hidróxeno introducimos isótopos do mesmo, a distancias curtas a interacción nuclear forte de atracción pode ser maior ca repulsión electrostática, conseguindo que algúns deses núcleos se fusionen entre si formando un núcleo de Helio e liberando enerxía.
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